ConceptNet#
Directly quoting ConceptNet.io:
ConceptNet is a freely-available semantic network, designed to help computers
understand the meanings of words that people use.
It enables you given a word (a node in ConceptNet terms) to extract its different relations (an edge in ConceptNet terms) with other words.
It is multilingual and allows you to obtain relations between words from different languages.
At the time of writing the following relations are available:
Relation |
Description |
Examples |
|---|---|---|
RelatedTo |
The most general relation. There is some positive relationship between A and B, but ConceptNet can’t determine what that relationship is based on the data. This was called “ConceptuallyRelatedTo” in ConceptNet 2 through 4. Symmetric. |
learn ↔ erudition |
FormOf |
A is an inflected form of B; B is the root word of A. |
slept → sleep |
IsA |
A is a subtype or a specific instance of B; every A is a B. This can include specific instances; the distinction between subtypes and instances is often blurry in language. This is the hyponym relation in WordNet. |
car → vehicle; Chicago → city |
PartOf |
A is a part of B. This is the part meronym relation in WordNet. |
gearshift → car |
HasA |
B belongs to A, either as an inherent part or due to a social construct of possession. HasA is often the reverse of PartOf. |
bird → wing; pen → ink |
UsedFor |
A is used for B; the purpose of A is B. |
bridge → cross water |
CapableOf |
Something that A can typically do is B. |
knife → cut |
AtLocation |
A is a typical location for B, or A is the inherent location of B. Some instances of this would be considered meronyms in WordNet. |
butter → refrigerator; Boston → Massachusetts |
Causes |
A and B are events, and it is typical for A to cause B. |
exercise → sweat |
HasSubevent |
A and B are events, and B happens as a subevent of A. |
eating → chewing |
HasFirstSubevent |
A is an event that begins with subevent B. |
sleep → close eyes |
HasLastSubevent |
A is an event that concludes with subevent B. |
cook → clean up kitchen |
HasPrerequisite |
In order for A to happen, B needs to happen; B is a dependency of A. |
dream → sleep |
HasProperty |
A has B as a property; A can be described as B. |
ice → cold |
MotivatedByGoal |
Someone does A because they want result B; A is a step toward accomplishing the goal B. |
compete → win |
ObstructedBy |
A is a goal that can be prevented by B; B is an obstacle in the way of A. |
sleep → noise |
Desires |
A is a conscious entity that typically wants B. Many assertions of this type use the appropriate language’s word for “person” as A. |
person → love |
CreatedBy |
B is a process or agent that creates A. |
cake → bake |
Synonym |
A and B have very similar meanings. They may be translations of each other in different languages. This is the synonym relation in WordNet as well. Symmetric. |
sunlight ↔ sunshine |
Antonym |
A and B are opposites in some relevant way, such as being opposite ends of a scale, or fundamentally similar things with a key difference between them. Counterintuitively, two concepts must be quite similar before people consider them antonyms. This is the antonym relation in WordNet as well. Symmetric. |
black ↔ white; hot ↔ cold |
DistinctFrom |
A and B are distinct member of a set; something that is A is not B. Symmetric. |
red ↔ blue; August ↔ September |
DerivedFrom |
A is a word or phrase that appears within B and contributes to B’s meaning. |
pocketbook → book |
SymbolOf |
A symbolically represents B. |
red → fervor |
DefinedAs |
A and B overlap considerably in meaning, and B is a more explanatory version of A. |
peace → absence of war |
MannerOf |
A is a specific way to do B. Similar to “IsA”, but for verbs. |
auction → sale |
LocatedNear |
A and B are typically found near each other. Symmetric. |
chair ↔ table |
HasContext |
A is a word used in the context of B, which could be a topic area, technical field, or regional dialect. |
astern → ship; arvo → Australia |
SimilarTo |
A is similar to B. Symmetric. |
mixer ↔ food processor |
EtymologicallyRelatedTo |
A and B have a common origin. Symmetric. |
folkmusiikki ↔ folk music |
EtymologicallyDerivedFrom |
A is derived from B. |
dejta → date |
CausesDesire |
A makes someone want B. |
having no food → go to a store |
MadeOf |
A is made of B. |
bottle → plastic |
ReceivesAction |
B can be done to A. |
button → push |
ExternalURL |
Instead of relating to ConceptNet nodes, this pseudo-relation points to a URL outside of ConceptNet, where further Linked Data about this term can be found. Similar to RDF’s seeAlso relation. |
knowledge → http://dbpedia.org/page/Knowledge |
For a better understanding of how the knowledge base is articulated please refer to ConceptNet - wiki.